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Copyright Dr. Eng. Jan Pająk

Chapter F: The Oscillatory Chamber

F7. Advantages of the Oscillatory Chamber over electromagnets

The elimination of the inherent drawbacks of electromagnets is not the only achievement of the principle of the Oscillatory Chamber. This device introduces in addition a number of unique advantages which are not provided by any other device built by man to-date. Let us review the most important of them.

F7.1. Formation of the "twin-chamber capsule" able to control the output without altering the energy involved

Further possibilities of controlling the output from the Oscillatory Chamber are created when two such cubical devices are arranged together to form a configuration called the "twin-chamber capsule" - see Figure F6. This capsule consists of one small inner chamber "I" freely suspended (floating) in the centre of the outer chamber "O". To insure the free flotation of the inner chamber without the danger of distending and damaging the outer one, the side dimension "ao" of the outer chamber must be √3 times larger than the dimension "ai" of the inner one, i.e.:

ao=ai√3 (F9)

(i.e. the side dimension "ao" is equal to the side dimension "ai" multiplied by the square root of "3").

The equation (F9) expresses the requirement that the longest diagonal dimension of the inner cube can not exceed the shortest distance between two parallel walls of the outer cube. Both chambers are arranged so that their central axes coincide with the magnetic axis "m" of the entire capsule. But the magnetic polarities of both chambers are reversed, i.e. the poles of the inner chamber are oriented exactly in opposition towards the poles of its host (i.e. "S" of the inner chamber is directed towards "N" of the outer one, and vice versa). This opposite polarity of both chambers causes their outputs to mutually cancel (subtract) each other. The effect of this cancellation is that most of the force lines of the magnetic field produced by one chamber do not leave the capsule, but are circulated back into the other chamber. Therefore the magnetic field yield out to the environment by such a capsule represents only the difference between the outputs produced by its inner and outer chambers.

In the so-formed twin-chamber capsule the appropriate control of the chambers' periods of pulsation "T" allows the energy content in both chambers to be either maintained unchanged, or to be transferred from one chamber to the other. Therefore both chambers' can either produce the same output, or a greater output can be produced by any of the component devices (i.e. by the outer "O" as well as by the inner "I" chamber). Technically, the balance or the transfer of energy between both chambers depends only on a phase shift between the periods "To" and "Ti" of their pulsations. (As this was described in subsection F6.5., these periods in turn are controlled, according to the equation F7, solely by changing the "s" factors of the chambers' dielectric gases.)

In general, when both chambers pulsate in harmony (i.e. have their mutual phase shift equal to 0°, 90°, or multiple of 90°) they maintain their energy content without any change. But when the phase shift between their pulsations is formed, the magnetic energy begins to flow between both chambers. The more this phase shift differs from 0° or 90° (and thus the more it nearers to ±45°), the more energy flows from one chamber to the other. The direction of flow is from the chamber whose pulsations obtain the leading phase shift (i.e. whose period "T" was speeded up in relation to the period "T" of the other chamber) to the chamber whose pulsations are slower.

To illustrate the above principle of energy flow with an example, let us imagine two people on separate swings bound together by an elastic (rubber) rope. Both swings in this example represent two chambers of a given twin-chamber capsule, whereas the elastic rope represents the magnetic field which links these chambers. When they swing with zero phase shift (i.e. when their movements exactly correspond) the energy of their oscillations remains unaffected. But when they form a phase shift in their oscillations, the person whose swing is ahead will pull the other one through the elastic rope. In this way the energy will flow from the faster swinger to the slower one.

When both chambers of a twin-chamber capsule yield exactly the same output, the force lines of a magnetic field produced by the inner chamber "I" are forming a close loop with the magnetic field produced by the outer chamber "O". This loop is locked inside the capsule. Therefore in such a case both chambers may produce an extremely high magnetic field, but this field will be entirely "circulated" inside of the capsule, and no magnetic flux will appear outside of the capsule. The magnetic flux trapped in such a looping and hermetically locked inside a twin-chamber capsule is called the "circulating flux". In illustrations from this chapter it is labelled (C). The circulating flux performs an important function in the twin-chamber capsules, as it bounds and stores the magnetic field which later may be used as the capsules' energy supply. Therefore the circulating flux in twin-chamber capsules of the future will represent the equivalent to "fuel" from the contemporary propulsion systems. Probably in the future twin-chamber capsules will be built, their main and only function will be to accumulate energy. The entire energy stored within such accumulators of the future will take the form of the circulating flux, so that outside these capsules there will be no noticeable magnetic fields.

When the energy content in both chambers of a capsule is unequal, as illustrated in Img.017 (F6), the magnetic flux produced by this chamber, which has a greater output, is divided into two parts, i.e. (R) the "resultant flux" conducted to the outside of the twin-chamber capsule, and (C) the "circulating flux" involved in internal looping within the chamber having a smaller output. At the same time the magnetic flux produced by the device having a smaller output is entirely involved in the circulating flux and is not conducted outside the capsule. In Img.017 (F6) the greater output is produced by the outer chamber "O", therefore its flux is divided into (C) and (R) parts. But the entire output of the inner chamber "I" in this Figure is involved in the circulating flux (C). Of course in real capsules, depending on the necessity, it is possible to control their chambers in such a manner, that either chamber can produce the higher output, i.e. the outer "O" or the inner "I". Therefore also either of these two chambers can provide the resultant flux.

Because the greater magnetic flux can be produced either by the inner or the outer chamber, the twin-chamber capsules can operate in two modes called: (1) the "INNER flux prevalence", and (2) the "OUTER flux prevalence". In the mode of INNER flux prevalence, the resultant flux is produced by the inner chamber, whereas the outer chamber circulates its entire output inside the capsule. In the mode of OUTER flux prevalence, the resultant flux is produced by the outer chamber, whereas the inner chamber bounds its entire output into the circulating flux. The visual appearance of capsules operating in these two modes is shown in Img.017 (F6). The differences in their appearance result from the fact that a highly dense magnetic field is transparent only to an observer who looks at it along its force lines. For the observer looking from any other direction such a field is nontransparent, and resembles black smoke. Therefore an outside observer looking at the twin-chamber capsule's outlet should see only the interior of that chamber which produces the resultant flux running into his/her direction, whereas the outlines of the remaining chamber which produces a circulating flux would appear to be black.

The twin-chamber capsule puts into the environment only the resultant flux that represents the difference from the outputs of both chambers. The circulating flux is always locked inside this capsule and never reaches the environment. Therefore, this configuration of chambers allows the fast and efficient control over the resultant magnetic flux conducted to the environment. This control is achieved without a change in the total amount of energy contained in the capsule, and only through shifting this energy from the outer to the inner chamber and vice versa. Practically, this means that the output given by the capsule to the environment can be easily changed, while the energy content of the capsule constantly remains at the same level. In order to realize the enormous capabilities of such control, the most important states of the magnetic field put into the environment by the twin-chamber capsule are described below.

(1) The complete extinguishing of the capsule's output. If the inner and the outer chambers contain the same amount of magnetic energy and produce equal magnetic fluxes, their entire production is looped inside of the twin-chamber capsule and no field is conducted to the environment. Of course, in such a case the enormous magnetic energy of the capsule still remains trapped inside, and can be redirected outside at any time by simple alteration to the capsule's controls.

(2) A smooth change of the capsule's magnetic output within the range from its minimal (i.e. zero) to maximal value. Such a change in the resultant output requires only appropriate transfer of the magnetic energy from one chamber into the other. The maximal output from this capsule is achieved when one of its chambers concentrates almost all of the energy, whereas the output from the remaining chamber is almost zero.

(3) The production of a magnetic field that has any required orientation of the magnetic poles. Depending on which of the two chambers (inner or outer) reaches a dominating (prevailing) output, the polarity of the resultant flux (R) will reflect the polarity of this dominating chamber.

(4) An almost instant reversal of polarity for the capsule's resultant magnetic output (e.g. the exchange of its north pole into the south pole, and vice versa). This reversal can be achieved merely by shifting quickly the magnetic energy between two chambers and without any need for a mechanical rotation of the capsule.

The ability to strictly control the variations in time (curvature) of the resultant flux is another advantage of the twin-chamber capsules. An example of such control, concerning the resultant flux whose variations in time follow a beat-type curve, is shown in Img.018 (F7). When the frequencies of pulsations in both chambers are different (e.g. when the inner chamber produces a flux "FI" whose frequency is two times higher than the frequency of the flux "Fo" produced by the outer chamber), the algebraic subtraction of both these fluxes produces a bit-type variation in time of the resultant flux "FR". In this way, a wide range of resultant flux variations in time can be obtained, through the simple altering of frequencies of inner and outer fluxes (or more strictly through altering periods of pulsations "T" which are bound with frequencies "f" by equation (F8): f=1/T). It is equally simple to produce a pulsating resultant flux following one of many possible beat-type curves, as well as a number of alternating fields of different courses. In each of these cases the period of the resultant flux variation can be controlled at the required level.

Probably the most significant advantages of the control described here is that it enables twin-chamber capsule to produce a constant magnetic field. When the frequencies of oscillations in both chambers are the same, then the two counter-oriented magnetic fluxes mutually suppress their pulsating components. If this coincides with the equal amplitudes of fields from both chambers, the resultant flux "FR" is then non-oscillating (constant in time), identical in character to the one provided by the permanent magnets. This capability to produce a constant magnetic field will further enlarge the already extensive scope of applications for this configuration of Oscillatory Chambers. Because of the direct relationship existing between the frequency "f" and the period "T" of the field pulsation (see equation (F8): f=1/T), the entire control over the resultant flux curvature is achieved solely through the alterations of the "s" factor, as has already been described in subsection F6.5.

The above explanations demonstrate how easy and versatile the control capabilities of twin-chamber capsules are. This will have a definite bearing on the future applications of such arrangements of chambers. It is easy to predict that almost all advanced magnetic propulsion systems of the future will utilize twin-chamber capsules instead of just single Oscillatory Chambers. Out of all the propulsion systems described in this monograph, such capsules will be used in the propulsors of the Magnocraft (see descriptions in chapter F) and in Magnetic Personal Propulsion (see descriptions in chapter E).

F7.1.1. Twin-chamber capsules of the second and third generation

As this is explained in subsection F4.1., and highlighted in subsections B1. and M6., the Oscillatory Chambers of the first generation shaped into cubes are going to be build only in the first period of the development of magnetic propulsion systems for flying vehicles. In second and third periods, the design of even more advanced chambers is going to be developed, which are called Oscillatory Chambers of the second and third generations. From these chambers of higher generations, amongst others, also twin-chamber capsules are going to be formed. For an outside observer, such capsules are to look differently from capsules of the first generations. On the present level of our development, we ourselves are unable to build any of these Oscillatory Chambers. But we are exposed to activities of civilisations of evil parasites from UFOs, that already build these chambers and use them on Earth (see subsection A3 and chapters O to W). Therefore it very vital that we learn how to distinguish between these three generations of Oscillatory Chambers, and also distinguish twin-chamber capsules that are formed from them. In this subsection their more complete description is provided, which should allow for such a distinguishing.

Twin-chamber capsules formed from Oscillatory Chambers of the second and third generations are shown in Img.019 (F8). Their attribute is, that similarly like twin-chamber capsules of the first generation, these also are composed of a single large outer Oscillatory Chamber (O), and a single small inner Oscillatory Chamber (I). This large outer Oscillatory Chamber (O), on Img.019 (F8) is dimensioned with the diameter "D" of the circle circumscribed over the polygon of its frontal wall. In turn the small inner chamber (I) is dimensioned with the diameter "d" of the circle circumscribed over the polygon of its front wall. (Compare also Img.016 (F5) and Img.019 (F8).) In case of twin-chamber capsules of the second generation, both the outer chamber (O) and the inner chamber (I), are build in the shape of an octagonal rod - see part (2s) in Img.019 (F8). Thus, if someone is going to see them in the frontal view (see parts (2i) and (2o) of Img.019 (F8)), then should clearly notice that their frontal walls have the shape of a regular (equilateral) octagon. In turn in case of twin-chamber capsules of the third generation, both the outer chamber (O) and the inner chamber (I) are build in the shape of a sixteen-sided bar - see part (3s) in Figure F8. With such a large number of sides, when they are viewed from a distance, then to an outside observer they resemble a section of a round bar (see parts (3s), (3i), and (3o) of Img.019 (F8).

In the design of twin-chamber capsules of the second and third generations, several design conditions must be fulfilled. These conditions cause, that the appearance of these capsules must be strictly defined. The most important out of them, the significance of which is explained in subsection F7.1.2. /please scroll up/, is the so-called "ratio of dimensional packing". It states, that proportions of the height H (h) of chambers composed into a given twin-chamber capsule, to the diameter D (d) of the circle circumscribed over their frontal walls, must be strictly defined. These proportions must reassure the highest possible volume of the chamber with possibly smallest consumption of the precious space of the vehicle. From my own research to-date it appears that for capsules of the second and third generations, these proportions are near equal to D/H=1, and d/h=1. In order to realise the reader their interpretation, these proportions are illustrated in part (3s) of Img.019 (F8) through sparse hatching of the square with the dimensions D and H, and double hatching of the square with dimensions of d and h. In turn dimensions of the outer chamber (O) and inner (I) are so selected that they fulfil the condition of a free floating of the inner chamber (I) inside of the outer chamber (O) without causing a damage to any one of them. Therefore dimensions D and H, and d and h - see parts (2o) and (3o) in Img.019 (F8), must fulfil the following two conditions (notice that the symbol "sqrt" adopted from programming of computers means the "square root from the argument given in brackets"):

A > sqrt(h2 + d2) and H > sqrt(h2 + d2) (F10)

Similarly as this is the case with twin-chamber capsules of the first generation, also twin-chamber capsules of the second and third generations may operate in the mode of inner flux prevalence (see parts (2i) and (3i) in Img.019 (F8), and also in the mode of outer flux prevalence (see parts (2o) and (3o) in Img.019 (F8)). Notice that in the magnetic convention of the capsule's operation, the outlet from the chamber which output is to be locked completely within the circulating flux, takes the form of an optical "black hole". Thus, depending on which one out of two possible modes of prevalence is switched on, the frontal appearance of the capsule is to differ in the characteristic manner - compare parts (2i) and (3i) in Img.019 (F8) with parts (2o) and (3o) of the same Figure. Of course, Img.019 (F8) shows a theoretical appearance of the outlets from twin-chamber capsules in the magnetic convention of operation. However, this theoretical appearance may show itself only in almost ideal observational conditions. In reality this theoretical appearance is going to be distorted by the fact that the output from the vehicles' propulsors is going to spin, that magnetic lens is going to act, that the air that surrounds the vehicle is going to be ionised, and that also several other distorting factors are to be in action - for more details on these distorting factors see subsections F9 and P2.1.1. Therefore the real appearance of these outlets is going to slightly diverge from the theoretical one. For example in part D of Img.138 (P19), and also on Img.148 (P29), the real appearance of outlets from twin-chamber capsules of the second generation is shown, when these capsules operate in the magnetic convention. From photographs shown on these Figures it is obvious, that one may notice the characteristic features of an octagon in real appearances of these capsules. But subsequent sides of this octagon are slightly deformed.

It is worth to notice, that independently from the magnetic convention of their operation, in which the output from capsules of the second and third generation creates visual effects similar to these formed by outputs from capsules of the first generation, capsules of the second generation may additionally operate in a telekinetic convention. In turn capsules of the third generation may operate in a telekinetic convention, and a convention of time travel (in addition to the magnetic convention). Visual effects induced by them during such different conventions of operation are to differ from effects induced in the magnetic convention. For example in telekinetic convention these capsules are to produce either while "extraction glow" or greenish "dispersion glow" - for their description see subsections H6.1. and H6.1.3. In turn in the time travel convention, a twin-chamber capsule of the third generation is going to generate not only various colour effects, but also effects on motion that are unique to the manipulation on time. For example, an external observer may perceive the operation of such a capsule as if it is shown on a film with a suspended animation (see the description of the suspended animation presented in subsection M1.).

F7.1.2. The "ratio of packing" of oscillatory chambers and its influence on the appearance of twin-chamber capsules and spider configurations

The design parameter of a huge importance in all twin-chamber capsules formed from oscillatory chambers, is going to be the so-called ratio of dimensional packing "u". It can be defined as: "the ratio of dimensional packing (u) of a twin-chamber capsule, is the ratio of volumes of two models of the same oscillatory chambers proportionally copying each other, out of which the smaller one of the volume (Vi) is completely inscribed onto the inner surface of a sphere, while the outer one of the volume (Vo) is completely circumscribed onto the outer surface of the same sphere", i.e.:

u = Vi/Vo (F11)

In the above definition by "chambers that proportionally copy each other" I understand two chambers of an identical shape and only different dimensional scale; means such chambers that all surfaces and edges of which are parallel to each other, while all similar linear dimensions relate to each other with the same ratio. It is worth to highlight, that almost all oscillatory chambers build by a given civilisation are going to be such chambers that proportionally copy each other. The reason is, that in order to construct a chamber the dimensional proportions of which are to differ from chambers already build, all research and development procedures must be repeated from the very beginning. Also repeated would need to be all research on control methods, on devices and means of control, and also on all computers and control programs. This in turn is a very costly and time consuming endeavour. For this reason chamber "M" from a standard spider configuration of the first generation shown in Img.023 (F9) must await rather a long time to be build. (Its shape and dimensions are going to diverge from a typical cubical chamber.) Thus, before this unproportional chamber "M" from Img.023 (F9) is build, our civilisation is going to use a spider configuration shown in Img.024 (F10), which contains exclusively cubical chambers (i.e. chambers which proportionally copy each other).

The closer to u=1 is the value of this ratio of dimensional packing, the better are selected geometrical dimensions of a given chamber. It is because of the value of this ratio, that typical oscillatory chambers of the first generation are going to be build in the form of cubes. (For cubes the value of dimensional packing discussed here reaches u=0.19245, or almost 20%.) In case of chambers of the second and third generation, the value of this ratio of dimensional packing depends on the ratio of dimensions "D" to "H", or "A" to "H". This means, that it is going to depend on the ratio of mutual distance "A" of two reciprocal side walls of the chamber, to the height "H" of this chamber (or from the ratio of the diameter "D" of a circle circumscribed on the face wall of the chamber, to height "H" of this chamber). Thus for main (M) propulsors, or for outer (O) oscillatory chambers, it is going to depend on the ratio of "D/H" or the ratio "A/H" of their dimensions. In turn for side (U, V, W, X) propulsors, or for inner (I) oscillatory chambers - from the ratio of their dimensions "d/h" or "a/h" (see the interpretation of these dimensions provided in Img.019 (F8).

Special significance of the ratio of dimensional packing "u" for design of twin-chamber capsules composed of chambers of all generations, depends on the manner in which these capsules are going to be used in the Magnocraft. Outer chambers (O) from twin-chamber capsules must rotate in the spherical casings of Magnocraft's propulsors, without touching these casings (see explanations to Img.013 (F2). In turn inside of these outer chambers (O) smaller inner chambers (I) must rotate without touching walls of these outer chambers. Thus, the bigger volume can be packed within dimensional proportions of both these chambers, the more useful for the Magnocraft they are to be. Simultaneously the diameter of the propulsor's casing, which hosts them, can have the smallest diameter. After all, when this packing is growing, also the power of the propulsor is growing, while it is going to take increasingly less space inside of the structure of the vehicle. Thus the ratio of dimensional packing "u" of an oscillatory chamber is defining the dimensional perfection of the propulsor that is based on a given chamber.

In case of Oscillatory Chambers of the first generation, it is known that their ratio of dimensional packing is the highest when they take the shape of cubes. Thus, a typical Oscillatory Chamber of the first generation is going to have the shape of a cube with a side dimension "A" or "a", and the ratio of A/H=1 (a/h=1). In case of oscillatory chambers of the second generation, the analytical solution of the problem of dimensional packing is not so simple and obvious. Therefore I was satisfied with its approximate solution with the use of graphical methods. This approximate solution indicates, that the oscillatory chamber of the highest ratio of this packing "u", is also going to have the ratio of D/H very close to one, i.e. near D/H=1. Also in case of Oscillatory Chambers of the third generation, the solution of this problem of packing which I found graphically indicates that their ratio of D/H must be close to one, i.e. also near D/H=1. Of course, at this point I encourage readers to verify my findings and to solve this problem in an analytical (strict) manner also for the oscillatory chambers of the second and third generations.

This close to one value of the ratio D/H dimensions of the chamber means, that the geometrical figure obtained after a typical oscillatory chamber of the second and third generation is cut half with a vertical plane that runs along the magnetic axis "m" and through corners that touch the circle of the diameter D, is going to be of a square with sides equal to D and H (in this square D=H). In order to illustrate visually this square, I hatched it in part (3s) of Img.019 (F8) (this hatching is less dense in the interior of the outer chamber, and twice dense inside of the inner chamber). Typical Oscillatory Chambers of the second and third generation must have a rather striking external shape, which is easy to distinguish from cubical chambers of the first generation shown in Img.016 (F5) and Img.017 (F6). In this shape the ratio of the width "A" of these chambers (or the diameter "D" of a circle circumscribed on their frontal wall) to their height "H" is going to take proportions as this is illustrated in Img.019 (F8).

Summarising the above deductions, twin-chamber capsules of the second and third generations, and also all typical oscillatory chambers of the second and third generations, are going to be build in proportions of dimensions as illustrated in Img.019 (F8). For this reason, after Img.019 (F8) is seen by potential observers of such configurations and chambers, these observers should be able to easily determine with which chamber they had to deal. This in turn should have a consequence in their ability to define also the generation of the vehicle in which these chambers were used - for further details see chapters L, M, and T.

F7.2. Formation of the "spider configuration"

The twin-chamber capsule is not the only configuration into which a number of Oscillatory Chambers can be arranged in order to increase the controllability of their resultant flux (R). The other configuration displaying even wider possibilities is the so-called "spider configuration", shown in Img.023 (F9). In the spider configurations the chambers are arranged so that one of them, called the main chamber (M), is surrounded by the four side chambers indicated by the letters U, V, W, and X. Each of these five chambers possesses the same cross-section, but the volume (thus also the length) of the main one is equal to the sum of the volumes of all four side ones. The magnetic poles in the main Oscillatory Chamber (M) are directed in opposition to the orientation of the poles in the side chambers (U, V, W, X).

This new configuration of the Oscillatory Chambers is a simplified model of the Magnocraft's propulsion described in the next chapter of this monograph (the Magnocraft contains a single twin-chamber capsule (propulsor) placed in its centre, and a multiple of four of twin-chamber capsules arranged around its peripherals). Also the operation of the spider configuration closely imitates the operation of the Magnocraft's propulsion. Therefore this configuration in fact constitutes a kind of miniature Magnocraft. As well, the magnetic field produced by it displays all the attributes of the Magnocraft's field, for example its force lines may spin around the magnetic axis of the main chamber. The above reasons decide that the spider configuration found its best application in the propulsion of the so-called "four propulsor spacecraft", described in chapter D, the operation of which just requires the spinning magnetic field.
From the technical point of view, the production of spider configurations is much easier to achieve than the production of twin-chamber capsules. This is because in a twin-chamber capsule there are technical difficulties with controlling the inner chamber, to which the controlling signals must pass through powerful sparks and the magnetic field of the outer chamber. These difficulties are absent in the spider configuration, in which the access with the controlling devices is equally easy to all chambers. Therefore, in the first period after the completion of Oscillatory Chambers, most probably our civilization will be able to combine them only into spider configurations. Therefore, even that the propulsion of the Magnocraft is more effective when this vehicle utilizes twin-chamber capsules for the propulsors, the technical difficulties described above may cause, that the first discoidal Magnocraft build on Earth will utilize spider configurations for the propulsors.

The above also applies to all other civilizations which already have operational Magnocraft at their disposal. From which configuration of Oscillatory Chambers they utilize in the propulsors of their discoidal Magnocraft, it is possible to estimate their level of development. In the first period after the completion of Oscillatory Chambers each civilization most probably will just utilize spider configurations, and only later it will shift into the use of twin-chamber capsules. In the course of further development the civilization will transfer into the use of twin-chamber capsules of the second generation which utilize octagonal Oscillatory Chambers (instead of square chambers being much easier to produce and to control), to finally shift into the use of chambers of the third generation - see subsection M6.

The control over the value of a field produced by the spider configuration is almost the same as it is in the twin-chamber capsule. In a similar manner this configuration will produce a circulating flux (C) and a resultant flux (R). Both these fluxes are circulated through the environment and thus the only difference between them depends on the paths their force lines cross, and on the number of chambers they circulate through (a circulating flux "C" loops through two chambers - main and side, whereas a resultant flux "R" through the main chamber only - see Img.023 (F9). Therefore the magnetic field yield from the spider configuration also displays the same control over all its properties and parameters as the field from the twin-chamber capsule. The only additional capability of spider configurations which does not appear in twin-chamber capsules is that spider configurations are able to produce a whirling magnetic field, whose axis of rotation lies on the magnetic axis "m" of the main chamber (M). The production of such a whirling field is explained for the Magnocraft in this subsection F7 of this monograph, therefore this explanation will not be repeated here.

The spider configurations, however, display a significant drawback in comparison of the twin-chamber capsules, which will decide their limitations. This drawback is that the magnetic field they produce can not be "extinguished" entirely and must be circulated through the environment. Therefore, even if the entire output of a spider configuration is bound in the circulating flux "C", this flux is still looped through the environment (i.e. can not be locked inside the configuration as is the case with twin-chamber capsules). For this reason spider configuration can not be used in numerous applications in which the presence of the magnetic field is undesirable (e.g. as energy accumulators). Therefore, apart from a short period when our civilization will still not be able to produce twin-chamber capsules, in the majority of cases the utilization of the spider configurations will be limited only to applications where the whirling magnetic field is necessary (e.g. as propulsors for the four-propulsor vehicle described in chapter D).

F7.2.1. The prototype spider configuration of the first generation

The spider configuration has this advantage over a twin-chamber capsule, that the construction of it does not require previous solving of a complicated problem of control over the inner chamber (I). After all, in the twin-chamber capsule this inner chamber (I) is free- floating inside of the outer chamber (O). Thus there is no direct access to it. Also it is impossible to connect to it any control cables. For these reasons, spider configurations will be build long before first twin-chamber capsules are developed. After all, in such spider configurations a cable can access practically each single chamber. But with the standard spider configuration of the first generation shown in Img.023 (F9) still an additional design problem is connected. This problem results from the composition of this configuration from four cubical chambers (U, V, W, and X), and one elongated main chamber (M). Namely, it is that the main chamber is four times longer than side chambers. This problem is also quite a difficult for a technical solving. After all, for ratio of dimensions different from a typical cube, immediately boundary conditions prevailing on electrodes of the chamber start to become complicated. Thus also the course of phenomena inside of such a chamber is different. In turn these conditions and phenomena influence the system of design parameters which define a stable operation of the chamber, the manner of controlling it, the control programs, the operation of the control computer etc. Thus practically, if independently from cubical oscillatory chambers (U, V, V, and W), someone decides to build also such elongated main chamber (M), then almost the entire course of research and development must be carried out from the very beginning, and to a much wider extend. Thus, it probably takes several further years before the elongated oscillatory chamber (M) is ready for use. On the other hand, almost immediately after the first operational oscillatory chamber is operational, probably government and society will press that researchers start to complete the Magnocraft. In this situation researchers will be forced to develop some sort of the first controllable configuration of oscillatory chambers, which is going to be suitable for use in propulsors of the Magnocraft, but which simultaneously is going to contain only typical oscillatory chambers shaped into cubes. This first controllable configuration, is the "prototype spider configuration" shown in Img.024 (F10). It uses exclusively oscillatory chambers shaped into cubes, means chambers which are to be build most early on our planet.

Img.024 (F10) illustrates this prototype configuration, showing it from two directions. At top of the Figure, i.e. in part (1s) of it, this configuration is shown in a side view. In turn at the bottom of the drawing, in part marked (1t), it is shown in a top view. For a better informativeness, in both parts of the drawing the filling material is blackened which fixes subsequent chambers and keeps them in the required position of mutual distances from each other. The prototype spider configuration is composed out of one cubical main chamber (M) the side dimension of which is marked "A", and out of eight cubical side chambers (U, V, W, X), the side dimension of which is marked "a". After the condition of dimensions is fulfilled that A=2a, the volume of the main chamber (M) is equal to the sum of volume of all eight side chambers (U, V, W, X).

All 8 side chambers of the prototype spider configuration, their cubical shape, and the proportions of dimensions described above, all together cause that this configuration takes a very characteristic appearance of a flat disk of the width G=2A and height in the centre equal to A=A, while on sides equal to h=a=(1/2)A. Thus it is easily distinguishable from a standard spider configuration of oscillatory chambers shown in Figure F9, which is to be build much later.

The prototype spider configuration from Img.024 (F10) is going to be the first fully controllable configuration of oscillatory chambers that initially is going to be used in Magnocraft-type vehicles of every civilisation that is just entering the period of interstellar travel. Its basic operational advantage is, that very similar control programs that are used for the control of an entire Magnocraft of K3 type, are also used for control of this configuration. (After all, the entire Magnocraft of type K3 has the same number and the same location of subsequent propulsors, as this capsule has individual chambers.) This configuration is going to be used for the duration of interim period, i.e. starting from the moment when a given civilisation develops the first Magnocraft, until the moment when this civilisation develops the first twin-chamber capsule. Thus, the noticing of the use of this configuration in propulsors of a discoidal Magnocraft, is a mark that a given civilisation that build such a Magnocraft is just at the very beginning of its path to space travel - see stage (1A) in classification discussed in subsection M6. This prototype spider configuration will be exchanged onto a more effective twin chamber capsule (shown in Img.016 (F5)) immediately after a given civilisation manages to develop a first reliable such a capsule.

In Poland a person who with his own eyes observed the prototype spider configuration inside of the main propulsor of a discoidal UFO, is Mr Andrzej Domala - a coauthor of treatise [3B]. Because of the lack of knowledge on theories explained in this monograph, he describes this configuration as a belt formed from eight cubes that was hanging on a spinning column that stood in the centre of that UFO. This spinning columns was simply a column of spinning magnetic field produced by such a configuration and spreading in both directions from the main chamber (M). (It seems that at the moment when it was observed, the main propulsor of that UFO worked with the prevalence of the inner flux yield from the main chamber.) During observing this configuration in side view, such a column of spinning field must be visible just as a black column - for details see subsection F10.4.

F7.2.2. Spider configurations of the second generation

As this is explained in subsection F4.1., and highlighted in subsections B1., M6., and F7.2.1. /please scroll up/, oscillatory chambers of the first generation in shape of a cube, are going to be build only in the first period of the development of magnetic propulsion systems of flying vehicles. In periods second and third, a design of even more advanced oscillatory chambers is going to be developed, which are here called chambers of the second and third generations. From these chambers, amongst others, also spider configurations are going to be formed. For an outside observer, such configurations are going to take a different appearance from configurations of the first generation. On a present stage of our development, we ourselves are not able to complete such oscillatory chambers, but we are exposed to actions of civilisations which already completed them and now are using them on Earth (see chapters O. to W.). Therefore it is very vital that we learn how to distinguish between these three generations by their appearance. To allow such a distinguishing, in this subsection and in the next subsection, the more complete description of these configurations is provided.

Spider configurations of the second generation, composed of octagonal oscillatory chambers of the second generation, are shown in parts (2t) and (2s) of Img.026 (F11). Their attribute is, that similarly like spider configuration of the first generation, these also are composed of a single octagonal main Oscillatory Chamber "M", and eight side Oscillatory Chambers similar to the main one and surrounding it around - on Img.026 (F11) these side oscillatory chambers are marked with letters "U, V, W, X".

In the design of spider configurations of the second generation, several design conditions must be fulfilled which are explained in this subsection. The first of these is the design and operational requirement. It states, that the main chamber (M) and side chambers (U, V, W, X) combined together into this configuration must touch each other with their sides, while each two adjusted side chambers must touch each other with their corners. In order to fulfil it, dimensions "A" and "D", also "a" and "d" of subsequent componential chambers must be appropriately selected. According to my calculations, these dimensions must be so selected that D=1.83d, and A=1.82a. This causes that from a top view the same spider configuration takes an exact appearance shown in part (2t) of Img.026 (F11). Thus, if someone is viewing them from the frontal view (see part (2t) on Img.026 (F11), then he/she clearly notices the shape of regular (equilateral) octagons of frontal outlets from all their nine componential chambers. Notice that in order for subsequent chambers are kept in the required mutual locations, free spaces between them must be filled up with appropriate filling substance. On Img.024 (F10) and Img.026 (F11) this substance is marked by blackening.

As this is explained in this subsection F7.2. /please scroll up/, dimensions of subsequent oscillatory chambers of spider configurations must also be so selected, that they fulfil the basic condition of balance of their outputs (see subsection G4.1.). This condition states, that the "volume 'VM' of the main chamber (M) must be equal to the sum of volumes 'VS' of all eight side chambers (U, V, W, X)". For spider configuration of the second generation that have eight identical side chambers, this condition can be expressed mathematically as:

VM = 8VS (F12)

Theoretically speaking two manners of fulfilling the condition (F12) should be considered, i.e.
(1) when the main chamber (M) takes a typical proportion of dimensions (i.e. when the shape of this chamber is identical to the shape of a proportionally copied chamber - see descriptions in subsection F7.1.2. below), while side chambers receive proportions of dimensions that result from the condition (F12); or
(2) when side chambers (U, V, W, X), have typical proportions of dimensions (i.e. they have the shape of a proportionally copying chamber - see descriptions in subsection F7.1.2. below), while the main chamber takes untypical dimensions that result from the necessity of fulfilling the condition (F12).

The first (1) of these two manners may, however, be rejected because of the practical reasons. This is because in order to fulfil it, side chambers would need to have such a height "h" that for them h>a. Therefore the boundary conditions that would then appear on electrodes of these chambers, would be highly undesirable. This means that for practical reasons, spider configurations of the second generation will be build on manner
(2), i.e. when their side chambers (U, V, W, X) are having typical ratio of dimensions (i.e. their h/d = 1) - as this is described in subsection F7.1.2.below, while the main chamber (M) is taking an untypical proportion of dimensions (H/D=1.28) that result from the necessity of fulfilling the equation (F12). Such constructing the spider configurations of the second generation causes that in a side view these configurations are going to take a quite characteristic appearance. This appearance is shown in part (2s) of Img.026 (F11). The noticeable attribute of this shape that distinguishes it from e.g. appearance of the configuration shown in Img.025 (F10) or Img.023 (F9), is that in a general shape this configuration of the second generation is going to take a resemblance of almost flattened sphere of the ratio of width "G" to height "H" equal G/H=1.5. Actually, if for the use in the propulsor of four-propulsor vehicle of the second generation this configuration is to be placed in an aerodynamic casing similar to casing shown in Img.005/ Img.006 (D1), such casing most probably will take a shape of flattened sphere or a "pumpkin", and only in special circumstances it may look like a gearwheel superimposed onto a short octagonal rod.

Similarly as this is the case with spider configurations of the first generation, also such configurations of the second generation may operate in the mode of inner flux prevalence, or in the mode of outer flux prevalence. In the magnetic convention of the operation, the outlet from the chamber which output is to be locked completely within the circulating flux, takes the form of an optical "black hole". Thus, depending on which one out of two possible modes of prevalence is switched on, the frontal appearance of the configuration is to differ in a characteristic manner. But it is worth to notice, that during the operation with the inner flux prevalence, not all side chambers are going to have completely blackened outlets at the same time. Two out of them - which output in a given moment of time is close to zero, are to show slightly lighter outlets, which are going to spin around the peripheral of this configuration.

It is also worth to notice, that independently from the magnetic convention of operation, spider configurations of the second generation can also operate in the telekinetic convention. Visual effects that are induced during such a different convention of operation are going to differ from effects induced during magnetic convention. For example, in the telekinetic convention these configurations are to produce either while "extraction glow" or greenish "dispersion glow" - for their description see subsections H6.1. and H6.1.3.

F7.2.3. Spider configurations of the third generation

Also spider configurations of the third generation are going to take a different and very characteristic appearance. This appearance is shown in parts (3t) and (3s) of Img.026 (F11). To allow readers to distinguish their appearance from all other configurations of Oscillatory Chambers, this subsection provides description of these configurations together with explanation of their origin.

Spider configurations of the third generation are composed of sixteen-sided Oscillatory Chambers of the third generation, shown in parts (3s) and (3o) and (3i) of Img.019 (F8) and in parts (3t) and (3s) of Img.026 (F11). Their attribute is, that similarly like spider configuration of the first generation, these also are composed of a single sixteen-sided main Oscillatory Chamber "M", and sixteen side Oscillatory Chambers similar to the main one, which surround the main one around (on part (3t) of Img.026 (F11) these side Oscillatory Chambers are marked with letters "U, V, W, X").

In the design of spider configurations of the third generation, several design and operational conditions must be fulfilled as well, which are explained in this subsection. The first of these is the design and operational requirement. It states, that the main chamber (M) and side chambers (U, V, W, X) combined together into this configuration must touch each other with their sides, while each two side chambers adjusted to each other must touch each other with their corners. In order to fulfil this condition, dimensions "A" and "D", also "a" and "d" of subsequent componential chambers must be appropriately selected. According to my calculations, these dimensions must be so selected that D=4d and A=4.143a. This causes that from a top view this spider configuration takes an exact appearance shown in part (3t) of Img.026 (F11). Thus, if someone is viewing them from the frontal view (see part (3t) on Img.026 (F11)), then he/she clearly notices the shape of regular (equilateral) sixteen-sided figure of frontal outlets from all their seventeen componential chambers. This shape viewed from a distance from which edges of all sides start to blend with each other, must make an impression of looking at circles with smooth and continuous peripherals (e.g. at a kind of round rocket launcher). As this is explained in subsections F7.2 and F7.2.2. below, dimensions of subsequent Oscillatory Chambers of every spider configuration must also be so selected, that they fulfil the basic condition of balance of their outputs (see subsection G4.1.). To remind again this condition, it states, that for the spider configuration of the third generation the "volume 'VM' of the main chamber (M) must be equal to the sum of volumes 'VS' of all sixteen side chambers (U, V, W, X)". For spider configuration of the third generation that have sixteen identical side chambers, this condition can be expressed mathematically as:

VM = 16VS (F13)

Theoretically speaking also for the spider configuration of the third generation two manners of fulfilling this condition (F13) should be considered, i.e. (1) when the main chamber (M) takes a typical proportion of dimensions (i.e. resulting from the condition of maximum dimensional packing - see descriptions in subsection F7.1.2. below), while side chambers receive proportions of dimensions that result from the condition (F13); or (2) when side chambers (U, V, W, X), have typical proportions of dimensions (i.e. they have the shape of proportionally copying chambers - see descriptions in subsection F7.1.2. below), while the main chamber takes untypical dimensions that result from the necessity of fulfilling the condition (F13).

The second (2) of these two manners must, however, be rejected because of the practical reasons. This is because in order to fulfil it, the main chamber would need to have such a height "H" that for it H<A.

This in turn, because of the undesirable boundary conditions that would appear then on electrodes of these chambers, would be technically unacceptable. This means that for practical reasons, spider configurations of the third generation must be build on manner (1), i.e. when their main chamber (M) takes a typical ratio of dimensions (i.e. for it H/D=1) - as this is described in subsection F7.1.2. below, while the side chambers (U, V, W, X) are taking untypical proportions of dimensions (h/d=4) that result from the necessity to fulfil the condition (F13). Such constructing of spider configurations of the third generation causes that in a side view, these configurations are going to take a quite characteristic and striking appearance. This appearance is shown in part (3s) of Img.026 (F11). (For me it roughly resembles a round rocket missile launcher.) The noticeable attribute of this shape, that distinguishes it from e.g. appearance of the configuration of second generation shown in part (2s) of Img.026 (F11), is that in a general shape this configuration of the third generation is going to take a resemblance of a cylinder in which all chambers have the same length. The width "G" of this cylinder is going to be larger from the height "H", i.e. G=1.42H, where H=D. In this cylinder the main chamber (M) can be distinguished, because it has a face of the large diameter D and because it is surrounded by sixteen side chambers (U, V, W, X) that have faces of diameters "d" four times smaller (i.e. D = 4d).

Similarly as this is the case with spider configurations of the first and second generations, also such configurations of the third generation may operate in the mode of inner flux prevalence, or in the mode of outer flux prevalence. In the magnetic convention of the operation, the outlet from the chamber which output is to be locked completely within the circulating flux, takes the form of an optical "black hole". Thus, depending on which one out of two possible modes of prevalence is switched on, the frontal appearance of this spider configuration is to differ in a characteristic manner. But it is worth to notice, that during the operation with the inner flux prevalence, not all side chambers are going to have completely blackened outlets at the same time. Four out of them - which output in a given moment of time is close to zero, are to show slightly lighter outlets, which are going to spin around the peripheral of this configuration.

It is also worth to notice, that independently from the magnetic convention of operation, spider configurations of the third generation can also operate in the telekinetic convention or in the convention of time travel. Visual effects that are induced during such different conventions of operation are going to differ from effects induced during magnetic convention. For example, in the telekinetic convention these configurations are to produce either while "extraction glow" or greenish "dispersion glow" - for their description see subsections H6.1. and H6.1.3. In turn during the time travel convention, such spider configurations of the third generation are not only to create in their interiors various colourful effects, but also characteristic for manipulation on time motion effects - e.g. the outside observer may perceive their operation as if taking place with a speed slowed down (see the description of the state of suspended animation explained in subsection M1).

F7.3. The non-attraction of ferromagnetic objects

We are accustomed with the fact that every source of magnetic field should attract ferromagnetic objects. Thus, when we realize the power of the field produced by every Oscillatory Chamber, immediately comes to mind the picture of our kitchen appliances, shavers and coins flying to our neighbour because he/she decided to switch on a powerful chamber just purchased. At this point it is the right time to expel our fears: one of the most unusual properties of twin-chamber capsules and spider configurations is that they produce a magnetic field which does not attract ferromagnetic objects, even if their output reaches the full power required. This property causes the field produced by such configurations of Oscillatory Chambers to behave rather like a kind of "antigravity" described by authors of science fiction books, not like a magnetic one. The following descriptions explain how it is possible to achieve this unusual property.

The framed part in Img.030 (F12) shows approximately the curve of variation in time for the typical field produced by the twin-chamber capsule. It takes the course of a beat-type curve, containing the constant component "Fo" and the varying component "∆F". It is widely known that the source of a constant magnetic field attracts the ferromagnetic object in its vicinity. Therefore it is obvious that the constant "Fo" component of the chamber's output will also cause such an attraction. However, not many people are familiar enough with magnetodynamics to know that a field varying in time with sufficient frequency "f" induces in conductors the so-called eddy currents. These currents produce their own magnetic fields which, according to the "contradiction rule" applicable to electro-magnetism, are repelled from the original field which induced them. As a result, fields of sufficiently high variation in time will repel metallic ferromagnetics. Therefore the varying component "∆F" of the chamber's output will cause repulsion of all ferromagnetic objects in the vicinity. This repelling force grows with the increase of amplitude "∆F" and also with the increase of frequency "f" of the field variations. Therefore, if the control of the twin-chamber capsule or spider configuration changes the ratio "∆F/Fo" of the output, holding constant the frequency "f" of pulsations, then three different kinds of force interaction with ferromagnetic objects can be achieved - see diagram in Img.030 (F12). (1) When the varying component "∆F" dominates over the constant "Fo" one, then the total interaction with such objects is repulsive. (2) When the constant component "Fo" is the dominating one, then the resultant interaction is an attraction. (3) However, if balance between both these components is reached, then the attraction and repulsion come into equilibrium and neutralize each other. In this case no action of any magnetic force is affecting ferromagnetic objects from the environment of a given configuration.

The curve of equilibrium between the attraction and repulsion, shown in Img.030 (F12), will frame the parameters of work of the twin-chamber capsule and spider configuration. It is expected that in the majority of cases the field produced by the advanced magnetic propulsion systems will lie on this curve. Such a field will not influence in any noticeable way the ferromagnetic objects within its range, but will still be able to perform all work imposed on it. When used in flying vehicles, such a field will cause their flight, but will prevent any force interactions between these vehicles and nearby ferromagnetic objects. Because of this property, outside observers of such vehicles, who have no knowledge of this equilibrium of their magnetic interactions, will probably be convinced that the propulsion of these vehicles utilizes some kind of "antigravitational" field instead of a magnetic one.

In special circumstances, however, the field produced by a configuration of chambers can be redirected into a chosen interaction. For example, if a militarily oriented magnetic vehicle is chasing a missile or aeroplane, to intercept it, it will change its neutral field into an attracting one. Thus its attraction force will disable and overpower the object pursued, working as a “magnetic device for remote lifting” (see subsection M6). Similarly, when a magnetically propelled flying vehicle intends to abduct a motor car and its occupants, it could simply pick it up from the road by changing its own magnetic interaction from that of equilibrium into an attraction. Of course, there will also be situations when a repulsive magnetic interaction will be used. For example, in free space the production of a repelling force should be dominant. Then all dangerous objects, such as meteorites (in most cases containing iron), cosmic dust, missiles or satellites, will be repelled from the path of magnetic vehicles. Also, while flying above a hostile planet where inhabitants are known to shoot and launch missiles at any foreign vehicle, the crew of a magnetically propelled vehicle could switch on the repulsive action of its field. Then all bullets and missiles would be repelled from the vehicle without having a chance of reaching and damaging it.

F7.4. Multidimensional transformation of energy

The energy within the Oscillatory Chamber co-exists in three different forms as:
(1) an electric field,
(2) a magnetic field, and
(3) heat (i.e. a hot dielectrical gas filling the inside of the chamber).

These three forms are in a state of continuous transformation from one into the other. Furthermore, the Oscillatory Chamber is able to:
(4) produce and absorb light, and
(5) produce or consume motion (i.e. mechanical energy). Finally the chamber can also
(6) accumulate and store huge amounts of energy for any length of time (i.e. work as an enormously capacious accumulator of energy).

Such a situation creates a unique opportunity for the chamber to be utilized in many different ways (not just only as a source of magnetic field), while one type of energy is supplied to it, another type is obtained from it. The following kinds of energy can be supplied to, or obtained from, the Oscillatory Chamber:
(a) electricity transferred in the form of an alternating electric current,
(b) heat accumulated in a hot gas,
(c) magnetic energy transferred through the pulsations (changes in density) of a magnetic field, and
(d) mechanical energy transferred in the form of the motion of the chamber in relation to another chamber or in relation to the environmental magnetic field, and
(e) light which either can be absorbed by the circulating flux of the chamber (see the description of astronomical "black holes" provided in subsection JB6.) or produced after turning the Oscillatory Chamber into a kind of a fluorescent bulb (see descriptions in subsection F1.3.). Depending on which one of these forms of energy is supplied to the chamber, and which one is drawn from it, the Oscillatory Chamber can act as almost any energy producing (or converting) device built to date, e.g. as a transformer, generator, electric motor, combustion engine, heater, photo-cell, searchlight supplied with its own battery lasting for thousands of years, etc. Table F1 combines the most utilitarian applications of the Oscillatory Chamber, exploiting its capacity for multidimensional transformations of energy.

F7.5. Continuous oscillating - a unique electromagnetic phenomenon allowing the Oscillatory Chamber to absorb unlimited amounts of energy

Let us return to the example of a swing, and consider what happens when we increase the kinetic energy supplied to this device. The amplitude of oscillations increases proportionally to the energy supplied. We may intensify this process to the point when the top horizontal bar will prevent any further increase of amplitude. If we still keep providing energy beyond this point, the conventional swing will be destroyed, as its arm will hit the top horizontal bar and one of these two parts must break.

The above design limitation in the amount of kinetic energy that a conventional swing can absorb has already found a technical solution. Someone has already dropped into the idea of building a swing without a horizontal bar. Thus if we use a modified swing of appropriate design (without a top horizontal bar, but having a rotary horizontal axle instead), a further increase of energy will lead to a unique phenomenon of "continuous oscillating" (which, because of its uniqueness, in this monograph will be called "perpetual oscillating"). Swings built especially for high performance usually achieve this. In the "perpetual manner of oscillating" the modified swing's arm follows a circular course, instead of slanting back and forth like in a conventional swing. The energy transformations still exist in it, but the whole oscillating phenomenon obeys different kinds of laws. Thus, the most important attribute of systems capable of perpetual oscillations is that their capacitance for potential energy does not limit the amount of kinetic energy absorbed by them.

If we now analyze the work of a conventional oscillatory circuit with a spark gap, we notice that it behaves in a way identical to the conventional swing described above. Thus such a conventional circuit is the equivalent of the swing with a top horizontal bar. If we start adding magnetic energy to its inductor, then the growing amplitude of oscillations will lead to breakdown within the capacitor and to the destruction of the circuit. The Oscillatory Chamber, however, is the equivalent of the modified swing allowing for perpetual oscillations. If we add further magnetic energy to the energy contained in a stream of sparks (jumping let us say from plate PR to PL) then this stream will not terminate at the moment when the opposite plates reach the breakdown difference of potentials "U". This is because the inertia of the stream will still keep "pumping" electrons from plate PR to PL, until all the magnetic energy transforms itself into the electric field. However in this instant both plates also start a discharge in the opposite direction, i.e. from PL to PR. Therefore there will be a period of time when two sparks jumping in opposite directions will appear simultaneously between the same pair of segments. The first of them - inertial - will jump from plate PR to PL, whereas the other one - active - will jump from plate PL to PR. This simultaneous appearance of two sparks jumping between the same pair of electrodes will be the electromagnetic equivalent to perpetual oscillating. Because the completion of this unique phenomenon is only possible if various rigorous design conditions are met, the Oscillatory Chamber is the first and so-far the only circuit which allows for the appearance of such phenomenon.

In general we can assert the definition that "the perpetual type of oscillations are attributed only to those oscillating systems whose ability to absorb the kinetic form of energy significantly overcomes their capacitance for potential energy". Such an ability is purely an attribute of design. It is conditioned by the selected parameters and the appropriate structuring of the system. In the case of the Oscillatory Chamber it will be determined by the number of sparks which the device is capable of creating. This number in turn depends on the number of segments "p" separated within the plates. Let us determine the minimal value of "p" required for the perpetual type of oscillations.

The condition required for causing perpetual oscillating is that the kinetic energy contained in the magnetic field must be greater than the potential one contained in the electric field. Knowing the equations deduced for the oscillatory circuits, this can be written as:

(1/2)L*(U2/R2) > (1/2)C*U2

If we transform the above relation and substitute the received combination of variables by the one extracted from the equation (F4), we will obtain:

p > 2s (F14)

Condition (F14) expresses the number of segments "p" separated within the plates of the Oscillatory Chamber, sufficient to cause perpetual oscillating.

If we are capable of building and using the chamber in such a way that this condition is always met, then the capacitance of the Oscillatory Chamber will not be able to introduce any limitations on the amount of energy absorbed by this device. This property, combined with independence from the continuity and efficiency of the energy supply, will allow the Oscillatory Chamber to increase the amount of energy contained in it to a theoretically unlimited level.

F7.6. Function as an enormously capacious accumulator of energy

The perpetual oscillating described above introduces the ability of the chamber to absorb unlimited theoretically amounts of energy. This property, combined with the capability of the twin-chamber capsule to extinguish completely the produced field (i.e. to turn its entire magnetic energy into the circulating flux - see subsection F7.1. below), enables Oscillatory Chambers to be enormously capacious accumulators of energy. The appropriate calculations completed for the Magnocraft can be useful for illustrating what level of capacitance this device provides. For example the author has determined the amount of energy contained in the field of the Magnocraft type K3 (compare subsection F5.5.). The result, obtained on the assumption that this vehicle produces only the starting flux, was 1.5 TWh (Tera-Watt-hours) - i.e. the present equivalent of two months' energy consumption for a whole country such as New Zealand. Because in the K3 type of Magnocraft the total volume of its Oscillatory Chambers is about 31m , this enormous energy will be stored in a device approximately one cubic meter in size. If such a capsule measuring one cubic metre explode by accident, then the destruction caused by the release of magnetic energy it stores would be en equivalent to the exploding of one megaton of TNT.

The magnetic field is already recognized as a perfect means of collecting and storing a large amount of electrical energy. By using cryogenically cooled conductors, even contemporary inductors can store huge amounts of energy for a relatively long period of time. There are a number of research projects investigating this possibility (e.g. Australia National University in Canberra, The University of Texas at Austin, USA). One of the commercial applications seriously considered was to build a heavy cryogenic electromagnet near Paris, which would accumulate electric power in no-load hours and release it to the city at peak-consumption hours.

The ability of the Oscillatory Chamber to store energy completely resolves the problem of energy supply during its operation. For the majority of applications it will be sufficient to charge it fully at the moment of production, and then simply use the device until this energy is fully withdrawn. The amounts of energy able to be stored in such devices allow them to be continuously operative for hundreds of years without the need for recharging.

F7.7. Simplicity of production

The Oscillatory Chamber will probably represent one of the most sophisticated devices human technology will ever complete. However, its sophistication will concern the amount of knowledge involved in its proper design and the amount of research required to appropriately shape its operation. Since its technology is once worked out, this device will not be difficult to produce. From the manufacturing point of view it will consist mainly of six plain walls, which will need to be precisely dimensioned, finished and assembled. The chamber has no moving parts, no complicated shapes and no intricate circuits. Practically, if the knowledge of its production was there, we should have been able to produce this device not only now, but thousands of years ago with the tools, materials, and technology of our ancestors.

F8.
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